Lazy Guy’s Cybersecurity corner

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• The Dangers of Connecting to Untrusted WiFi Networks: A Clear Guide for Everyone2025-08-07
  Free WiFi is everywhere—cafes, airports, hotels, and parks. It’s tempting to connect to a network like “FreePublicWiFi” to save data, but these untrusted WiFi networks can be risky. They can let hackers steal your information, like passwords or bank details. This post explains, in simple terms, how hackers use these networks to attack, especially when… Read more: The Dangers of Connecting to Untrusted WiFi Networks: A Clear Guide for Everyone
• APT37’s Sneaky JPEG Malware: How North Korean Hackers Are Weaponizing Images to Target Windows2025-08-04
  In the ever-evolving world of cybersecurity threats, state-sponsored hackers continue to innovate in their methods to evade detection. Recently, on August 4, 2025, reports emerged about APT37—a North Korea-linked hacking group also known as Reaper or ScarCruft—deploying a sophisticated variant of their RoKRAT remote access trojan (RAT). What’s particularly alarming is their use of everyday… Read more: APT37’s Sneaky JPEG Malware: How North Korean Hackers Are Weaponizing Images to Target Windows
• How Palo Alto Firewalls Match Signatures for Threat Detection2025-08-03
  Palo Alto Networks’ Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) use signature-based detection as a core component of their Threat Prevention suite to identify and block threats like viruses, spyware, and exploits. These signatures are not just simple binary patterns (e.g., 01010101010) but complex rules that combine pattern matching, contextual analysis, and sometimes behavioral thresholds. Below, we dive into… Read more: How Palo Alto Firewalls Match Signatures for Threat Detection
• WordPress Security Alert: Understanding the Alone Theme Hack (CVE-2025-5394)2025-08-03
  As a reminder, this vulnerability in the Alone WordPress theme (versions 7.8.3 and earlier) is a serious zero-day that’s been exploited since July 12, 2025. It lets hackers bypass login and take over your site. Let’s dive deeper. What is CVE-2025-5394? It’s a critical flaw (CVSS 9.8) allowing unauthenticated file uploads, leading to remote code… Read more: WordPress Security Alert: Understanding the Alone Theme Hack (CVE-2025-5394)
• Predicting Stock Prices with Python: A Beginner’s Guide to Machine Learning2025-08-02
  Stock price prediction is a fascinating way to learn machine learning, combining data science with real-world applications. In this post, we’ll build a simple Python program to predict stock prices using historical data and a Linear Regression model. You’ll learn how to fetch data, engineer features, train a model, and visualize predictions. The code is… Read more: Predicting Stock Prices with Python: A Beginner’s Guide to Machine Learning
• Understand Verb in Transitive, Intransitive, Auxiliary2025-08-01
  Verbs are the powerhouse of any sentence, and understanding their types and how they tie into tenses can level up your writing and speaking. Today, I’m diving into the kinds of verbs—specifically transitive, intransitive, and auxiliary verbs—and how they work with the 12 tenses (those present, past, and future variations). What Are the Kinds of… Read more: Understand Verb in Transitive, Intransitive, Auxiliary
• Understanding OSPF Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) Load Balancing in Cisco Routers2025-07-31
  Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a widely used link-state routing protocol in enterprise networks, known for its fast convergence and scalability. One of its powerful features is the ability to perform load balancing over multiple paths to the same destination, provided those paths have equal costs (metrics). This is commonly referred to as Equal-Cost… Read more: Understanding OSPF Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) Load Balancing in Cisco Routers
• Use python and ML (Machine learning) to analysis Traffic in AWS CloudFront Logs (Part 2)2025-07-30
  In today’s threat landscape, where bots, vulnerability scanners, and distributed attacks are commonplace, analyzing CDN logs like those from AWS CloudFront is essential for proactive threat detection. As a cybersecurity practitioner, I’ve developed a Python tool that uses unsupervised machine learning via z-score outlier detection to identify anomalous behavior in these logs. By extracting features… Read more: Use python and ML (Machine learning) to analysis Traffic in AWS CloudFront Logs (Part 2)
• Use python and ML (Machine learning) to analysis Anomalous Traffic in AWS CloudFront Logs (Part 1)2025-07-30
  As cybersecurity professionals, we constantly face the challenge of sifting through vast volumes of log data to identify potential threats such as bots, vulnerability scanners, or distributed attacks. Recently, I developed a Python-based tool to analyze AWS CloudFront access logs for anomalous traffic patterns. Leveraging unsupervised machine learning via z-score outlier detection, this script extracts… Read more: Use python and ML (Machine learning) to analysis Anomalous Traffic in AWS CloudFront Logs (Part 1)
• Overview AWS WAF Bot Control with A Step-by-Step Guide2025-07-29
  Protecting Your Website with AWS WAF Bot Control: A Step-by-Step Guide AWS WAF Bot Control is a powerful managed rule group that helps detect and mitigate bot activity, from basic crawlers to sophisticated automated scripts. After discussions with my vendor, I learned that enabling Bot Control requires strategic integration, especially embedding the AWS WAF JavaScript… Read more: Overview AWS WAF Bot Control with A Step-by-Step Guide
• Demo of cyber security risk of XSS2025-07-22
  What is XSS and Why Is It Risky? XSS happens when a website doesn’t properly “clean” (sanitize) user inputs, like search queries or comments. An attacker can inject JavaScript code, which runs when you visit the page. Risks include: Real-world examples: In 2018, hackers used XSS on British Airways’ site to steal credit card details… Read more: Demo of cyber security risk of XSS
• Top 5 Critical Cybersecurity Incidents in July 20252025-07-21
  As we navigate through 2025, the cybersecurity world is buzzing with activity, and not the good kind. July has brought a wave of high-impact incidents that have shaken industries from tech to healthcare. These breaches and attacks not only expose vulnerabilities but also highlight the ever-evolving tactics of cybercriminals. In this blog post, I’ll dive… Read more: Top 5 Critical Cybersecurity Incidents in July 2025
• Introduction to Selected Regex Flavors2025-07-19
  Regex flavors are dictated by runtime environments. Online testers often prioritize these five due to their dominance: Differences arise from historical updates (e.g., PCRE2’s improvements over PCRE) and design goals (e.g., ECMAScript’s web safety vs. Python’s readability). In 2025, with PHP 7.3+ adoption at ~85% (per W3Techs surveys), PCRE2 is standard, but legacy PCRE persists… Read more: Introduction to Selected Regex Flavors
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  IP calculator (Ipv4 & Ipv6)2025-07-19
  IPv4 Subnet Calculator IP Address: Subnet Mask (CIDR or Dotted Decimal): Calculate IPv6 Subnet Calculator IPv6 Address: Prefix Length (CIDR): Calculate IPv4 and IPv6 Calculator In the realm of networking and cybersecurity, managing IP addresses is fundamental to building resilient systems. An IPv4 and IPv6 Calculator is a powerful tool that performs essential calculations like… Read more: IP calculator (Ipv4 & Ipv6)
• Difference of CHAP and PAP2025-07-17
  In network security and authentication mechanisms, understanding protocols such as the Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol (CHAP) is essential for IT professionals. These protocols are integral to Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP) implementations, commonly utilized in remote access services, virtual private networks (VPNs), and wide area network (WAN) connections. This article provides a… Read more: Difference of CHAP and PAP
• Understanding HTTP GET vs POST: Differences, Examples, and Security Concerns2025-07-14
  When developing web applications, choosing between HTTP GET and POST methods is crucial. These methods handle data differently, impacting functionality, user experience, and security. In this blog post, we’ll dive into the key differences between GET and POST, provide practical examples, and explore security concerns—particularly why using POST instead of GET might introduce risks. We’ll… Read more: Understanding HTTP GET vs POST: Differences, Examples, and Security Concerns
• Understanding “Is” vs “Has Been” for Beginners2025-07-09
  Today, I’m sharing a quick and easy lesson to help you understand the difference between “is” and “has been“—two tricky terms that often confuse beginners. Don’t worry, I’ve got you covered with clear explanations and examples! What’s This Lesson About? In this post, we’ll dive into: 1. “Is” – For Current States Use “is” when… Read more: Understanding “Is” vs “Has Been” for Beginners
• URL Filtering with Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) on Palo Alto Firewalls2025-07-06
  In modern network security, URL filtering is essential for controlling and monitoring web access. When an explicit proxy is paired with a Palo Alto Networks firewall and Deep Packet Inspection (DPI)—typically involving SSL/TLS decryption—is enabled, the firewall can perform highly granular URL filtering. This post dives into how URL filtering works in this setup, the… Read more: URL Filtering with Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) on Palo Alto Firewalls
• Overview of URL Filtering – Without Decryption2025-07-06
  Palo Alto Networks firewalls use their PAN-DB cloud-based URL filtering database (or an offline PAN-DB private cloud in some cases) to categorize websites and enforce policies based on those categories. Even when SSL/TLS traffic is not decrypted, the firewall can identify the destination URL or domain by analyzing unencrypted metadata in the HTTPS handshake. This… Read more: Overview of URL Filtering – Without Decryption
• Understanding Packet Filtering and Stateful Firewalls2025-07-05
  We know that firewalls are the backbone of network security, and understanding how they process traffic is critical for designing robust defenses. Two key concepts in this domain are packet filtering and stateful firewalls. In this post, we’ll dive into how these mechanisms work, their differences, and why stateful firewalls are a staple in modern… Read more: Understanding Packet Filtering and Stateful Firewalls