Explore the world of networking with expert insights on routers, switches, and firewalls. This category is your go-to resource for troubleshooting tips, configuration guides, and practical skills to optimize and secure your network. Whether you’re a beginner or a seasoned IT pro, find step-by-step solutions to keep your systems connected and running smoothly.
As a seasoned networking administrator with extensive experience in IP address conservation and security implementations, I regularly revisit Network Address […]
NAT/PAT Study Guide: Static, Dynamic, Port Forwarding, and Troubleshooting Essentials Read Post »
As a seasoned networking administrator with extensive deployments across Cisco Catalyst and Nexus platforms, I frequently review Layer 2 redundancy
Layer 2 Redundancy Switch: Stacking, VSS, and vPC Read Post »
As a seasoned networking administrator with extensive experience in BGP implementations, I recognize that even foundational protocols like BGP demand
BGP Quick Summary: Essential Concepts for Network Professionals Read Post »
As a seasoned networking administrator with extensive experience in OSPF implementations, I recognize that even foundational protocols can require periodic
OSPF Quick Summary: Essential Concepts for Networking Read Post »
Auditing your Catalyst 1300 fleet one switch at a time? If your IP list is stacking up and those sequential
Speedup Script backup: Multi-Threaded Backups to Slash Runtime with Python and Paramiko Read Post »
Running standard IOS backup scripts on your shiny new Catalyst 1300 switches only to hit walls with truncated outputs or
Script to backup config for Cisco Catalyst 1300 with Python and Paramiko Read Post »
As network admins, we often face the grind of manually logging into dozens of switches to pull routine info like
In modern web architectures, the X-Forwarded-For (XFF) HTTP header serves as a critical mechanism for preserving the original client IP
How does X-Forwarded-For (XFF) work? Header Manipulation – Tactics, Security Risks Read Post »
Have you ever tried calling someone on WhatsApp, only to see “ringing” on your end while their phone just says
How I Fixed a WhatsApp Call Issue with One Contact Read Post »
Free WiFi is everywhere—cafes, airports, hotels, and parks. It’s tempting to connect to a network like “FreePublicWiFi” to save data,
The Dangers of Connecting to Untrusted WiFi Networks: A Clear Guide for Everyone Read Post »
Palo Alto Networks’ Next-Generation Firewalls (NGFWs) use signature-based detection as a core component of their Threat Prevention suite to identify
How Palo Alto Firewalls Match Signatures for Threat Detection Read Post »
As a reminder, this vulnerability in the Alone WordPress theme (versions 7.8.3 and earlier) is a serious zero-day that’s been
WordPress Security Alert: Understanding the Alone Theme Hack (CVE-2025-5394) Read Post »
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) is a widely used link-state routing protocol in enterprise networks, known for its fast convergence
Understanding OSPF Equal-Cost Multipath (ECMP) Load Balancing in Cisco Routers Read Post »
Protecting Your Website with AWS WAF Bot Control: A Step-by-Step Guide AWS WAF Bot Control is a powerful managed rule
Overview AWS WAF Bot Control with A Step-by-Step Guide Read Post »
What is XSS and Why Is It Risky? XSS happens when a website doesn’t properly “clean” (sanitize) user inputs, like
Demo of cyber security risk of XSS Read Post »
Regex flavors are dictated by runtime environments. Online testers often prioritize these five due to their dominance: Differences arise from
Introduction to Selected Regex Flavors Read Post »
IPv4 Subnet Calculator IP Address: Subnet Mask (CIDR or Dotted Decimal): Calculate IPv6 Subnet Calculator IPv6 Address: Prefix Length (CIDR):
IP calculator (Ipv4 & Ipv6) Read Post »
In network security and authentication mechanisms, understanding protocols such as the Password Authentication Protocol (PAP) and the Challenge-Handshake Authentication Protocol
Difference of CHAP and PAP Read Post »
When developing web applications, choosing between HTTP GET and POST methods is crucial. These methods handle data differently, impacting functionality,
Understanding HTTP GET vs POST: Differences, Examples, and Security Concerns Read Post »
In modern network security, URL filtering is essential for controlling and monitoring web access. When an explicit proxy is paired
URL Filtering with Deep Packet Inspection (DPI) on Palo Alto Firewalls Read Post »
Palo Alto Networks firewalls use their PAN-DB cloud-based URL filtering database (or an offline PAN-DB private cloud in some cases)
Overview of URL Filtering – Without Decryption Read Post »
We know that firewalls are the backbone of network security, and understanding how they process traffic is critical for designing
Understanding Packet Filtering and Stateful Firewalls Read Post »
1. TACACS+ for Network EquipmentTACACS+ (Terminal Access Controller Access-Control System Plus) is used for centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA)
Cisco ISE vs Aruba ClearPass Read Post »
In today’s high-performance enterprise networks, ensuring firewall redundancy and scalability is critical. Palo Alto firewalls offer two high-availability (HA) modes:
AA(Active/Active) vs AP(Active/Passive) Palo Alto Firewalls Read Post »
An issue where users accessing certain websites through a FortiGate explicit proxy (with the FortiGate CA certificate imported into client
Fixing Certificate Errors for Web browsing via FortiGate Explicit Proxy Read Post »
We recently encountered a perplexing issue with the explicit proxy configuration on our FortiGate 121G running FortiOS 7.4.7, specifically when
FortiGate Explicit Proxy Issue with FQDN Resolution to IPv6 (FortiOS 7.4.7) Read Post »
Introduction As networking professionals, we rely on tools like NetFlow and PCAP (packet capture) to monitor, troubleshoot, and secure our
I recently encountered an issue with the proxy chain function on a FortiGate 121G running FortiOS 7.4.7, and I wanted
FortiGate Proxy Chain Issue with FQDN Resolution (FortiOS 7.4.7) Read Post »
I’m troubleshooting an unstable IPsec VPN where one peer is behind NAT, using UDP 500/4500, with issues like random firewall
How it works of DPD (Dead peer detection) in ipsec VPN and Troubleshooting Read Post »
As a network administrator managing FortiGate firewalls, I’ve encountered several critical but unannounced issues with FortiOS 7.4.7 on the FortiGate
